DDP complexity seems to be increasing overall, for instance due to continuing introduction of new design issues and technologies, and increasingly fragmented disciplinary specialisation (Maurer 2017). For instance, bringing on new staff to handle a peak in workload may cause quality problems that require even more work to correct later on (Reichelt and Lyneis 1999).
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Feedback processes within a DDP are also significant drivers of dynamic complexity.
Second, considering complexity, large-scale concurrent engineering in particular involves many tasks and individuals, a densely connected web of information flows, and many interdependent design issues that must be considered simultaneously (Eppinger et al. These issues may be observed on all levels of scale, from designers working alone through to complex development programs.
New activities are typically discovered during projects (Karniel and Reich 2011) the process sequence is unpredictable, because tasks are progressively concretised and adjusted as work proceeds (Albers and Braun 2011) and decisions must often be based on inadequate or preliminary information (Antonsson and Otto 1995 Pich et al. In consequence, every DDP is unique and involves a degree of uncertainty (Eckert and Clarkson 2010). The following paragraphs introduce these interrelated issues and outline how process models can help to address them, before moving on to discuss this article’s contribution.įirst, considering novelty, “design processes seek to do something novel, once, whereas many other business processes seek to do the same thing repetitively” (O’Donovan et al. In particular, the DDP tends to involve significant elements of novelty, complexity, and iteration. The models we consider are motivated by, and aim to address, certain characteristics of the DDP that distinguish it from many other processes. This article aims to summarise the current thinking in the area by providing an up-to-date overview of DDP models, and by developing an organising framework that positions them in relation to one another. Furthermore, the many models that have been developed are diverse in focus and formulation. However, the complexity is such that no single model can address all the issues. Researchers have developed numerous process models to understand, improve, and support the DDP considering its particular characteristics. In comparison to many other processes, the design and development process (DDP) is especially challenging to navigate and manage. It may also be of interest to practitioners and educators seeking an overview of developments in this area. Overall, the article should aid researchers in positioning new models and new modelling approaches in relation to state-of-the-art. Finally, key characteristics of design and development process models are discussed considering their applications in practice, and opportunities for further research are suggested. It is demonstrated that the framework integrates coverage of earlier reviews and as such provides a new perspective on the literature.
Their contexts, advantages, and limitations are considered through discussion of selected examples. The main categories of model are introduced. This article contributes an organising framework that clarifies the topology of the literature on these models and thereby relates the main perspectives that have been developed. Read what our clients say about our projects.Many models of the design and development process have been published over the years, representing it for different purposes and from different points of view. Our accurate quotes, reliable and friendly communication and an exemplary standard of work are our assurance that you are making a safe investment when you build with Evan Graham Master Builder. We understand that building is one of the biggest investments you will make. We have developed strong working relationships with a number of local design consultants who have a similar focus and we look forward to partnering with them and to providing ongoing value and satisfaction to our clients into the future. We are focussed on creating high-performance, energy-efficient buildings and have extensive training in sustainable development and energy efficient Passive House construction. Evan Graham Master Builders has delivered multi-award winning building projects for our satisfied clients for over 17 years.
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